方法对比

	Rank-Order Elicitation	Free Listing
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1988	1988
提出者	Cognitive anthropology tradition (Weller & Romney)	Cognitive anthropology tradition (formalized by Weller & Romney; Borgatti)
类型	Elicitation procedure for ordering items on a single criterion	Elicitation procedure for the items and salience of a cultural domain
开创性文献	Weller, S. C., & Romney, A. K. (1988). Systematic Data Collection. Qualitative Research Methods Series 10. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780803930742	Weller, S. C., & Romney, A. K. (1988). Systematic Data Collection. Qualitative Research Methods Series 10. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780803930742
别名	Ranking Task, Complete Ranking Elicitation, Ordinal Ranking Task, Rank Aggregation	Free Lists, Free-List Task, Free Recall Listing, Freelisting
相关	4	4
摘要	Rank-order elicitation asks each informant to place a set of items into a complete order on a single criterion — from most to least important, severe, preferred, or typical — so that the whole domain is captured in one ordinal judgment per person. Unlike paired comparison, which gathers many local two-item choices, ranking obtains the global order directly, trading some redundancy for speed. Aggregating the individual rankings produces a group ordering, while a concordance statistic measures how strongly the informants agree.	Free listing is a foundational elicitation technique in cognitive anthropology in which informants are asked to name, in any order, all the items they can think of that belong to a cultural domain — for example 'all the kinds of fruit' or 'all the things that can give you a cold.' Aggregating these lists reveals both the content of the domain (which items belong) and the salience of each item (how culturally central it is), inferred from how frequently and how early it is mentioned.