方法对比

	随机对照试验 (RCT)	全因子实验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1948	1926
提出者	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)	R. A. Fisher
类型	Interventional comparative study	Parametric factorial experiment
开创性文献	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471718130
别名	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı	factorial experiment, 2^k factorial, full factorial, Faktöriyel Deneme Deseni (Full Factorial, 2^k)
相关	7	5
摘要	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).	A full factorial design is a parametric experimental method in which every combination of factor levels is tested simultaneously, enabling the estimation of all main effects and all interaction effects in a single study. Rooted in R. A. Fisher's foundational work on designed experiments (1926) and systematically developed by Box, Hunter, and Hunter (2005) and Montgomery (2017), the 2^k form tests k two-level factors across 2^k experimental runs and is the benchmark against which all other factorial designs are measured.