方法对比
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| 配额抽样× | 滚雪球抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1930s | 1961 |
| 提出者≠ | Developed in market research and opinion polling, notably applied by George Gallup in the 1930s | Leo A. Goodman |
| 类型≠ | Non-probability sampling design | Non-probability sampling technique |
| 开创性文献≠ | Moser, C. A., & Kalton, G. (1972). Survey Methods in Social Investigation (2nd ed.). Heinemann. ISBN: 978-0435827496 | Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170. DOI ↗ |
| 别名≠ | quota-controlled sampling, quota selection, non-probability quota sampling | chain-referral sampling, network sampling, respondent-driven sampling, referral sampling |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Quota sampling is a non-probability technique in which the researcher pre-specifies how many units to recruit from each subgroup (quota cell) defined by one or more control variables such as age, gender, or occupation. Interviewers or data collectors then use their own judgment to find and enroll participants until each cell is filled. The method guarantees the sample mirrors the population on the control variables but does not provide the randomness needed for classical statistical inference. | Snowball sampling is a non-probability recruitment technique in which initial participants (seeds) refer the researcher to others who meet the study criteria, and those referrals in turn refer further participants. The sample grows incrementally — like a rolling snowball — until the required size or theoretical saturation is reached. It is the method of choice when a target population has no accessible sampling frame, such as undocumented migrants, illicit drug users, survivors of stigmatised experiences, or members of closed professional networks. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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