方法对比

	Push-Pull Motivation Analysis	HOLSAT Holiday Satisfaction Analysis
领域	Tourism Recreation	Tourism Recreation
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1979	1998
提出者	Graham M. S. Dann; John L. Crompton	John Tribe & Tim Snaith
类型	Two-force framework of tourist motivation	Expectation-performance holiday satisfaction instrument
开创性文献	Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424.	Tribe, J., & Snaith, T. (1998). From SERVQUAL to HOLSAT: holiday satisfaction in Varadero, Cuba. Tourism Management, 19(1), 25-34.
别名	Push and Pull Factors Analysis, Push-Pull Travel Motivation, Dann-Crompton Motivation Framework	Holiday Satisfaction Analysis, HOLSAT Model, Holiday Satisfaction Expectation-Performance Model
相关	3	3
摘要	Push-pull motivation analysis is the dominant framework for explaining why people travel and why they choose particular destinations, by separating two distinct forces. Push factors are internal, socio-psychological motives that create the desire to travel in the first place, such as the wish to escape routine, relax, gain prestige, or enhance one's ego. Pull factors are external attributes of destinations that draw travelers toward a specific place, such as scenery, climate, culture, attractions, and events. Graham Dann introduced the push-pull logic in 1977, arguing that the answer to 'what makes tourists travel?' lies first in push factors like anomie and ego-enhancement, and John Crompton's 1979 study gave it empirical shape by identifying socio-psychological and cultural motives behind pleasure vacations. The analysis measures both sets of factors, recovers their underlying dimensions, and examines how internal motives connect to the destination attributes travelers seek.	HOLSAT, short for holiday satisfaction, is an instrument for measuring tourists' satisfaction with a holiday by comparing what they expected before the trip with how the destination actually performed. Developed by John Tribe and Tim Snaith in 1998 and tested in Varadero, Cuba, HOLSAT was a deliberate move beyond the service-quality instrument SERVQUAL, which Tribe and Snaith judged ill-suited to holidays because a holiday is a complex, multi-attribute experience that includes negative as well as positive features. HOLSAT therefore measures both positive attributes, where high performance is good, and negative attributes, where low performance is good, and it captures satisfaction as the relationship between prior expectations and experienced performance on each attribute. The attributes are then plotted to reveal regions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, making HOLSAT a practical, holiday-specific application of the expectancy-disconfirmation logic of consumer satisfaction.