方法对比

	Public Sector Innovation Assessment	Policy Feedback Analysis
领域	Public Administration	Public Administration
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2008	1993
提出者	OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation	Paul Pierson
类型	Framework for assessing public-sector innovation and capacity	Theoretical-analytical framework for policy effects on politics
开创性文献	OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI). Frameworks and case studies on public-sector innovation. Paris: OECD.	Pierson, P. (1993). When Effect Becomes Cause: Policy Feedback and Political Change. World Politics, 45(4), 595–628.
别名	Government Innovation Assessment, Public Innovation Measurement, Public-Sector Innovation Capacity Assessment, Innovation in Government Evaluation	Policy Feedback Theory Analysis, Feedback Effects Analysis, Policy-as-Cause Analysis, Self-Reinforcing Policy Analysis
相关	4	4
摘要	Public sector innovation assessment is a structured method for examining how, how much and how effectively a government organization innovates — generating and implementing novel services, processes, policies and governance arrangements that create public value. Drawing on the work of the OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation and on Mark Moore and Jean Hartley's analysis of innovations in governance, it classifies the types of innovation under way, assesses the conditions that enable or block them, evaluates their outcomes, and rates the organization's innovation capacity. Unlike private-sector innovation metrics built around patents and market share, public-sector assessment centers on public value, legitimacy and the distinctive incentives and constraints of government.	Policy feedback analysis examines how policies, once enacted, reshape the politics that follow — turning yesterday's policy effects into today's political causes. Drawing on Paul Pierson's foundational 1993 article 'When Effect Becomes Cause,' it holds that policies are not just outputs of politics but powerful forces that create resources and incentives for groups, build administrative capacities, and shape how citizens understand their interests and their government. By tracing these resource and interpretive feedback effects over time, the method explains why some policies become self-reinforcing and politically durable, why others undermine their own support, and why policy change is often path-dependent and hard to reverse.