方法对比
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| 比例加权抽样× | 加权抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Mid-20th century (formalized 1950s–1960s) | 1940s–1952 (formalized in large-scale government survey work and the Horvitz-Thompson estimator) |
| 提出者≠ | William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish | Morris H. Hansen, William N. Hurwitz; D. G. Horvitz and D. J. Thompson (theoretical framework) |
| 类型 | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| 开创性文献 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 |
| 别名 | proportional probability weighting, proportional weight sampling, probability proportional to size sampling, PPS sampling | probability proportional to size sampling, PPS sampling, unequal probability sampling, importance sampling |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | Proportional weighted sampling is a probability-based survey design in which each subgroup (stratum or cluster) of the population is sampled and weighted in proportion to its true size in the population. By assigning sampling weights that mirror the actual composition of the population, the method ensures unbiased estimates without the need for post-hoc reweighting, and produces efficient estimates when variance within subgroups is relatively homogeneous. | Weighted sampling is a probability-based design in which units are selected with unequal probabilities proportional to a known auxiliary measure of size or importance. Sampling weights — the inverse of inclusion probabilities — are applied during analysis so that each sampled unit correctly represents the population units it stands for. The approach underpins large-scale government, health, and social surveys where simple random sampling would be inefficient. |
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