方法对比

	比例加权抽样	比例分层抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (formalized 1950s–1960s)	1953–1965 (formalized in survey sampling literature)
提出者	William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish	William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	proportional probability weighting, proportional weight sampling, probability proportional to size sampling, PPS sampling	proportionate stratified sampling, proportional allocation stratified sampling, PSRS, proportionate stratified random sampling
相关	6	6
摘要	Proportional weighted sampling is a probability-based survey design in which each subgroup (stratum or cluster) of the population is sampled and weighted in proportion to its true size in the population. By assigning sampling weights that mirror the actual composition of the population, the method ensures unbiased estimates without the need for post-hoc reweighting, and produces efficient estimates when variance within subgroups is relatively homogeneous.	Proportional stratified sampling divides the target population into non-overlapping strata (subgroups defined by a key characteristic such as age band, region, or gender) and then draws a simple random sample from each stratum so that each stratum's share of the total sample matches its share of the total population. Because each subgroup is represented in exact proportion to its population weight, the resulting sample mirrors the population structure closely without requiring post-hoc weighting adjustments.