方法对比

	比例系统抽样	系统抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (formalized ~1950s–1970s)	Mid-20th century (Cochran 1953; Kish 1965)
提出者	Codified in classical survey sampling theory; see Cochran (1977)	William G. Cochran; formalized in survey sampling theory
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	proportional 1-in-k sampling, equal-probability systematic sampling, proportionate systematic selection, PPS systematic sampling	interval sampling, systematic random sampling, equal-interval sampling, fixed-interval sampling
相关	6	5
摘要	Proportional systematic sampling combines systematic (every k-th element) selection with proportional allocation across subgroups, ensuring that each stratum contributes sample units in proportion to its share of the total population. The result is an equal-probability design that is administratively simple, spreads the sample evenly across an ordered frame, and eliminates the need for post-hoc weighting when strata are sampled at a uniform rate.	Systematic sampling is a probability sampling technique in which every k-th element is selected from an ordered list of the population after a random starting point. With population size N and desired sample size n, the sampling interval k = N/n is computed and one unit is chosen at random from the first interval; all subsequent units are selected by adding k repeatedly. The method is operationally simple, yields a spread-out sample, and often achieves lower variance than simple random sampling when the list has no harmful periodicity.