方法对比
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| 比例系统抽样× | 簇抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Mid-20th century (formalized ~1950s–1970s) | Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977 |
| 提出者≠ | Codified in classical survey sampling theory; see Cochran (1977) | Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice |
| 类型 | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| 开创性文献 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407 |
| 别名≠ | proportional 1-in-k sampling, equal-probability systematic sampling, proportionate systematic selection, PPS systematic sampling | cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Proportional systematic sampling combines systematic (every k-th element) selection with proportional allocation across subgroups, ensuring that each stratum contributes sample units in proportion to its share of the total population. The result is an equal-probability design that is administratively simple, spreads the sample evenly across an ordered frame, and eliminates the need for post-hoc weighting when strata are sampled at a uniform rate. | Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters. |
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