方法对比

	比例简单随机抽样	比例分层抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (formalized ~1950s–1970s)	1953–1965 (formalized in survey sampling literature)
提出者	William G. Cochran and survey statisticians (classical probability sampling tradition)	William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish
类型	Probability sampling technique	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	proportional SRS, probability-proportional simple random sampling, proportional random sampling	proportionate stratified sampling, proportional allocation stratified sampling, PSRS, proportionate stratified random sampling
相关	6	6
摘要	Proportional simple random sampling is a probability-based sampling technique in which units are drawn at random from each subgroup of the population in numbers proportional to each subgroup's share of the total population. This ensures the resulting sample mirrors the population's composition across key subgroups, while retaining the randomness and unbiasedness of simple random sampling within each group.	Proportional stratified sampling divides the target population into non-overlapping strata (subgroups defined by a key characteristic such as age band, region, or gender) and then draws a simple random sample from each stratum so that each stratum's share of the total sample matches its share of the total population. Because each subgroup is represented in exact proportion to its population weight, the resulting sample mirrors the population structure closely without requiring post-hoc weighting adjustments.