方法对比
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| 比例目的抽样× | 配额抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1980s–2000s | 1930s |
| 提出者≠ | Derived from purposive sampling tradition (Patton); formalized in mixed-methods literature | Developed in market research and opinion polling, notably applied by George Gallup in the 1930s |
| 类型≠ | Non-probability sampling with proportional allocation | Non-probability sampling design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711 | Moser, C. A., & Kalton, G. (1972). Survey Methods in Social Investigation (2nd ed.). Heinemann. ISBN: 978-0435827496 |
| 别名 | proportional criterion sampling, quota-proportional purposive sampling, representational purposive sampling | quota-controlled sampling, quota selection, non-probability quota sampling |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Proportional purposive sampling combines the intentional case selection of purposive sampling with proportional allocation across subgroups. Researchers first determine how each meaningful subgroup (e.g., gender, school type, professional role) is represented in the population, then deliberately select participants from each subgroup in those same proportions — using purposive judgment to ensure each selected case is information-rich and relevant to the research question. | Quota sampling is a non-probability technique in which the researcher pre-specifies how many units to recruit from each subgroup (quota cell) defined by one or more control variables such as age, gender, or occupation. Interviewers or data collectors then use their own judgment to find and enroll participants until each cell is filled. The method guarantees the sample mirrors the population on the control variables but does not provide the randomness needed for classical statistical inference. |
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