方法对比

	比例目的抽样	比例分层抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–2000s	1953–1965 (formalized in survey sampling literature)
提出者	Derived from purposive sampling tradition (Patton); formalized in mixed-methods literature	William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish
类型	Non-probability sampling with proportional allocation	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	proportional criterion sampling, quota-proportional purposive sampling, representational purposive sampling	proportionate stratified sampling, proportional allocation stratified sampling, PSRS, proportionate stratified random sampling
相关	4	6
摘要	Proportional purposive sampling combines the intentional case selection of purposive sampling with proportional allocation across subgroups. Researchers first determine how each meaningful subgroup (e.g., gender, school type, professional role) is represented in the population, then deliberately select participants from each subgroup in those same proportions — using purposive judgment to ensure each selected case is information-rich and relevant to the research question.	Proportional stratified sampling divides the target population into non-overlapping strata (subgroups defined by a key characteristic such as age band, region, or gender) and then draws a simple random sample from each stratum so that each stratum's share of the total sample matches its share of the total population. Because each subgroup is represented in exact proportion to its population weight, the resulting sample mirrors the population structure closely without requiring post-hoc weighting adjustments.