方法对比
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| 按规模概率抽样× | 简单随机抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s–1960s | Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977 |
| 提出者≠ | Formalized by William G. Cochran and Leslie Kish | William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran |
| 类型 | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| 开创性文献 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 |
| 别名 | PPS cluster sampling, proportional-to-size cluster sampling, size-proportional cluster sampling, probability proportional to size sampling | SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | Proportional cluster sampling selects naturally occurring groups (clusters) from a population with probability proportional to each cluster's size, so that larger clusters have a higher chance of selection while every individual element retains an equal overall inclusion probability. This design efficiently handles large, geographically dispersed populations and is the backbone of national health, education, and social surveys worldwide. | Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated. |
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