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| Pragmatic Screening Test Evaluation× | 诊断准确性研究设计× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 流行病学 | 临床研究 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 2000s-2010s (formalized with PRECIS framework) | 2003-2015 |
| 提出者≠ | Pragmatic trial framework: Schwartz & Lellouch (1967); PRECIS tool: Thorpe et al. (2009) | Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers |
| 类型≠ | Observational / quasi-experimental evaluation design | Research Design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., & Chalkidou, K. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475. DOI ↗ | Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | pragmatic diagnostic screen evaluation, real-world screening evaluation, effectiveness-oriented screening study, PRECIS-guided screening evaluation | diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 2 |
| 摘要≠ | A pragmatic screening test evaluation assesses the real-world effectiveness of a screening instrument under routine clinical or public-health conditions — rather than the tightly controlled, ideal-participant settings of explanatory studies. It asks whether the screening tool performs adequately in the actual populations and workflows where it will be deployed, prioritising external validity and implementation relevance over maximally controlled internal conditions. | A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment. |
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