方法对比

	实用多基线设计	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1968 (original MBD); pragmatic adaptation formalized in 2000s–2010s	1948
提出者	Adapted from Baer, Wolf & Risley (1968); pragmatic variant developed within single-case methodology community	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Single-case experimental design variant	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 91–97.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	PMBD, pragmatic MBD, real-world multiple baseline design, flexible multiple baseline design	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	3	7
摘要	The Pragmatic Multiple Baseline Design is a single-case experimental design that staggers intervention introduction across multiple participants, settings, or behaviors in real-world conditions where strict experimental control is impractical. By relaxing some idealized constraints — such as perfectly stable baselines or rigid staggering timelines — it preserves the core logic of the multiple baseline while accommodating clinical, educational, or community realities. It is especially valued when withholding treatment for ethical reasons is untenable and when practitioners need evidence from naturalistic settings.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).