方法对比

	Pragmatic Kaplan-Meier Analysis	生存分析
领域	流行病学	研究统计学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1958 (estimator); pragmatic application formalized 1967 onward	1958
提出者	Kaplan & Meier (estimator, 1958); Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic trial framework, 1967)	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier
类型	Non-parametric survival estimator within pragmatic study design	Method
开创性文献	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.
别名	pragmatic KM analysis, real-world Kaplan-Meier, pragmatic survival curve estimation, KM analysis in pragmatic trials	Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression, TTE analysis
相关	5	3
摘要	Pragmatic Kaplan-Meier analysis applies the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to time-to-event data collected under real-world or pragmatic conditions — diverse populations, routine clinical care, minimal exclusions, and standard-of-care comparators. Unlike explanatory trials designed to isolate a treatment effect under ideal conditions, pragmatic designs accept real-world heterogeneity, and the resulting survival curves reflect the effectiveness of an intervention as it actually performs in clinical practice.	Survival analysis is a collection of statistical methods for modeling time from a defined starting point until an event of interest occurs (disease, recovery, death, equipment failure). Kaplan and Meier's nonparametric estimator (1958) and David Cox's proportional hazards model (1972) jointly enabled analysis of censored data—individuals whose event times are unknown because they left the study or were still event-free at follow-up. Indispensable in oncology, cardiology, infectious disease research, engineering reliability, and any field where time-to-event matters.