方法对比

	Pragmatic Kaplan-Meier Analysis	对生存曲线进行比较的 Log-Rank 检验
领域	流行病学	生存分析
方法族	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
起源年份	1958 (estimator); pragmatic application formalized 1967 onward	1966
提出者	Kaplan & Meier (estimator, 1958); Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic trial framework, 1967)	Mantel, N.
类型	Non-parametric survival estimator within pragmatic study design	Non-parametric hypothesis test
开创性文献	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.	Mantel, N. (1966). Evaluation of Survival Data and Two New Rank Order Statistics Arising in Its Consideration. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, 50(3), 163–170.
别名	pragmatic KM analysis, real-world Kaplan-Meier, pragmatic survival curve estimation, KM analysis in pragmatic trials	Mantel log-rank test, Mantel-Cox test, log-rank sağkalım testi, Log-Rank Testi
相关	5	2
摘要	Pragmatic Kaplan-Meier analysis applies the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to time-to-event data collected under real-world or pragmatic conditions — diverse populations, routine clinical care, minimal exclusions, and standard-of-care comparators. Unlike explanatory trials designed to isolate a treatment effect under ideal conditions, pragmatic designs accept real-world heterogeneity, and the resulting survival curves reflect the effectiveness of an intervention as it actually performs in clinical practice.	The log-rank test, developed by Nathan Mantel in 1966, is a non-parametric hypothesis test that compares the overall survival experience of two or more groups throughout the entire follow-up period. It is the standard companion to Kaplan-Meier curves and determines whether observed differences between curves are statistically meaningful.