方法对比

	实用全因子实验	全因子实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1920s (factorial); 1967/2009 (pragmatic framework)	1926 (Fisher's foundational paper); codified by the 1950s–1960s
提出者	Full factorial: R.A. Fisher (1920s); Pragmatic framing: Schwartz & Lellouch (1967), formalized by Thorpe et al. (2009)	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Experimental design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Chalmers, I. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475.	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471718130
别名	pragmatic factorial trial, real-world full factorial design, effectiveness full factorial experiment, pragmatic 2^k experiment	full factorial design, complete factorial design, 2^k factorial design, FFD
相关	6	6
摘要	A pragmatic full factorial experiment combines the complete crossing of all factor levels (the full factorial structure) with the broad eligibility criteria, flexible delivery, and real-world conditions of a pragmatic trial. Every possible combination of factors is tested simultaneously, yielding both main effects and all interaction effects, while deliberately relaxing strict laboratory controls to reflect how interventions actually operate in practice.	A full factorial experiment runs every possible combination of all chosen factor levels, making it the gold standard for simultaneously estimating main effects, two-way interactions, and higher-order interactions among multiple independent variables. Introduced through Ronald Fisher's foundational work on factorial designs in the 1920s and systematised by Box, Hunter, and Montgomery, it provides complete information about how factors act individually and in combination on an outcome.