方法对比

	实用全因子实验	簇随机析因实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1920s (factorial); 1967/2009 (pragmatic framework)	1990s (formalized in group-randomized trial literature)
提出者	Full factorial: R.A. Fisher (1920s); Pragmatic framing: Schwartz & Lellouch (1967), formalized by Thorpe et al. (2009)	David M. Murray and colleagues; Allan Donner & Neil Klar
类型	Experimental design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Chalmers, I. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475.	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120912
别名	pragmatic factorial trial, real-world full factorial design, effectiveness full factorial experiment, pragmatic 2^k experiment	cluster-randomized factorial design, group-randomized factorial trial, CRT factorial, clustered factorial experiment
相关	6	5
摘要	A pragmatic full factorial experiment combines the complete crossing of all factor levels (the full factorial structure) with the broad eligibility criteria, flexible delivery, and real-world conditions of a pragmatic trial. Every possible combination of factors is tested simultaneously, yielding both main effects and all interaction effects, while deliberately relaxing strict laboratory controls to reflect how interventions actually operate in practice.	A cluster randomized factorial experiment assigns intact groups (clusters such as schools, clinics, or communities) at random to all combinations of two or more treatment factors, enabling simultaneous evaluation of multiple interventions and their interactions while respecting the natural grouping of participants. It merges the logistical and ethical advantages of cluster randomization with the efficiency of factorial design.