方法对比
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| 实用析因实验× | 随机对照试验 (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| 起源年份≠ | 2000s–2010s (formal integration) | 1948 |
| 提出者≠ | Synthesized from pragmatic trial methodology (Schwartz & Lellouch, 1967) and factorial design principles (Fisher, 1935); formalized in clinical research contexts in the 2000s–2010s | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| 类型≠ | Experimental trial design | Interventional comparative study |
| 开创性文献≠ | Loudon, K., Treweek, S., Sullivan, F., Donnan, P., Thorpe, K. E., & Zwarenstein, M. (2015). The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose. BMJ, 350, h2147. DOI ↗ | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | pragmatic factorial trial, pragmatic factorial RCT, real-world factorial design, PFE | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| 相关≠ | 3 | 7 |
| 摘要≠ | A pragmatic factorial experiment combines two powerful methodological frameworks: the factorial experimental design — which tests multiple intervention components simultaneously — and the pragmatic trial orientation, which prioritizes real-world applicability, broad eligibility criteria, and flexible delivery conditions. The result is a design that efficiently evaluates which components of a complex intervention work, and whether they interact, while maintaining ecological validity for health, behavioral, and educational research. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
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