方法对比
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| 实用自适应实验× | 簇随机试验× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 实验设计 | 临床研究 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 2000s–2010s (convergence period) | 1999-2000 |
| 提出者≠ | Synthesized from pragmatic trial tradition (Schwartz & Lellouch, 1967) and adaptive design methodology; formalized convergence in 2000s–2010s | Campbell, Grimshaw, Elbourne et al. |
| 类型≠ | Hybrid experimental design | Research Design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Pallmann, P., Bedding, A. W., Choodari-Oskooei, B., Dimairo, M., Flight, L., Hampson, L. V., ... & Sydes, M. R. (2018). Adaptive designs in clinical trials: why use them, and how to run and report them. BMC Medicine, 16(1), 29. DOI ↗ | Campbell, M. K., Grimshaw, J. M., & Elbourne, D. R. (2000). Intracluster correlation coefficients in cluster randomized trials: empirical insights into how should they be reported. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 4, 30. link ↗ |
| 别名 | pragmatic adaptive trial, real-world adaptive trial, PAT, adaptive pragmatic RCT | CRT, cluster RCT, cluster trial, group randomization |
| 相关 | 3 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | A pragmatic adaptive experiment is a hybrid clinical trial design that combines the real-world generalizability of pragmatic trials with the statistical flexibility of adaptive designs. It enrolls a broad, representative patient population under routine care conditions, while using pre-specified interim analyses to modify trial parameters — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or arm selection — as outcome data accumulate. The result is a design that is both externally valid and resource-efficient. | A cluster randomized trial (CRT) randomizes intact groups—schools, clinics, villages, or hospital wards—rather than individuals. Developed by Campbell, Grimshaw, and colleagues in the late 1990s to address real-world settings where intervention delivery or contamination occurs at the group level, CRTs are now standard for evaluating population-level, community-based, and policy interventions. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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