方法对比

	多分类Rasch模型	有序项目反应理论
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1978–1982	1969
提出者	Gerhard N. Masters (Partial Credit Model); David Andrich (Rating Scale Model)	Fumiko Samejima (Graded Response Model, 1969); Gerhard Fischer & Georg Rasch lineage for partial credit
类型	Item response model	Probabilistic latent trait model for ordered polytomous responses
开创性文献	Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika, 47(2), 149–174.	Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, 34(4, Pt. 2), 1–97.
别名	PRM, Rating Scale Model, Partial Credit Model, Polytomous IRT Rasch	polytomous IRT, ordinal IRT models, graded response models, ordinal latent trait models
相关	6	6
摘要	The Polytomous Rasch Model extends the dichotomous Rasch framework to ordered response scales with three or more categories, such as Likert items or partial-credit tasks. It estimates person ability and item difficulty on the same interval-level logit scale, and it tests whether the response categories function as intended — prerequisites for rigorous ordinal measurement.	Ordinal item response theory (ordinal IRT) comprises a family of probabilistic models — most notably the Graded Response Model and the Partial Credit Model — that relate a respondent's standing on a latent trait to the probability of choosing each ordered response category on a polytomous item. It extends classical IRT beyond dichotomous items to the Likert-type and rating-scale items that dominate psychometric measurement.