方法对比

	多分类Rasch模型	验证性因子分析（CFA）
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1978–1982	1969
提出者	Gerhard N. Masters (Partial Credit Model); David Andrich (Rating Scale Model)	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
类型	Item response model	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
开创性文献	Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika, 47(2), 149–174.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
别名	PRM, Rating Scale Model, Partial Credit Model, Polytomous IRT Rasch	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
相关	6	4
摘要	The Polytomous Rasch Model extends the dichotomous Rasch framework to ordered response scales with three or more categories, such as Likert items or partial-credit tasks. It estimates person ability and item difficulty on the same interval-level logit scale, and it tests whether the response categories function as intended — prerequisites for rigorous ordinal measurement.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.