方法对比

	地点依恋量表	旅行动机量表
领域	旅游管理	旅游管理
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1992	1979
提出者	Williams, D. R.; Vaske, J. J.	Crompton, J. L.; Iso-Ahola, S. E.
类型	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
开创性文献	Williams, D. R., & Vaske, J. J. (1992). The measurement of place attachment: Valid and reliable instruments for natural environments. Society and Natural Resources, 15(3), 271-280.	Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55-58.
别名	PAS, Destination Attachment Scale	TMS, Tourism Motivation Scale
相关	5	5
摘要	The Place Attachment Scale (PAS), developed by Williams & Vaske (1992) and refined by Jorgensen & Stedman (2001), measures individuals' emotional and functional bonds to destinations—the extent to which places become integral to identity and sense of belonging. Comprising dimensions of place identity (destination as self-definition), place dependence (destination optimizes one's activities), emotional bonds (love, comfort), and community belonging, the PAS distinguishes deep loyalty-drivers from transactional satisfaction. Essential for understanding repeat visitation, community tourism governance, heritage conservation, and destination branding strategies that cultivate belonging.	The Travel Motivation Scale (TMS) measures the underlying reasons and psychological drivers that prompt individuals to take vacations and choose specific destinations. Developed by Crompton (1979) and Iso-Ahola (1982), and theoretically grounded in push–pull motivation theory, the TMS operationalizes intrinsic motivations (escape from routine, self-discovery, social connection) and destination-specific attractions (beaches, cultural sites, activities). Understanding travel motivation is central to destination positioning, experience design, and visitor segmentation, as different motivational profiles require different marketing messages and service configurations.