方法对比

	预实验加权抽样	加权抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (classical weighted sampling ~1934–1977; pilot study integration formalized in survey practice ~1970s–1980s)	1940s–1952 (formalized in large-scale government survey work and the Horvitz-Thompson estimator)
提出者	Cochran, W. G.; Neyman, J.	Morris H. Hansen, William N. Hurwitz; D. G. Horvitz and D. J. Thompson (theoretical framework)
类型	Probability sampling with differential selection probabilities in a preliminary study phase	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	pilot phase weighted sampling, weighted pilot sampling, pilot probability proportional sampling, pilot PPS sampling	probability proportional to size sampling, PPS sampling, unequal probability sampling, importance sampling
相关	3	6
摘要	Pilot weighted sampling applies weighted (unequal-probability) sampling within a small-scale preliminary study to estimate key design parameters — variance components, design effects, and optimal stratum weights — before committing resources to the full survey. By using differential inclusion probabilities in the pilot, researchers obtain more precise parameter estimates for rarer or more variable subgroups while keeping total pilot cost low. The results directly inform the weighting scheme and sample-size allocation for the main survey.	Weighted sampling is a probability-based design in which units are selected with unequal probabilities proportional to a known auxiliary measure of size or importance. Sampling weights — the inverse of inclusion probabilities — are applied during analysis so that each sampled unit correctly represents the population units it stands for. The approach underpins large-scale government, health, and social surveys where simple random sampling would be inefficient.