方法对比
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| 预实验加权抽样× | 自适应加权抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Mid-20th century (classical weighted sampling ~1934–1977; pilot study integration formalized in survey practice ~1970s–1980s) | 1990s–2000s |
| 提出者≠ | Cochran, W. G.; Neyman, J. | Building on Thompson (1990) adaptive sampling and classical importance-weighting; adaptive weighting formalised across survey and Monte Carlo literature |
| 类型≠ | Probability sampling with differential selection probabilities in a preliminary study phase | Probabilistic sampling procedure |
| 开创性文献≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Thompson, S. K. (1990). Adaptive cluster sampling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85(412), 1050–1059. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | pilot phase weighted sampling, weighted pilot sampling, pilot probability proportional sampling, pilot PPS sampling | AWS, adaptive importance sampling, sequential adaptive weighting, dynamic weighted sampling |
| 相关≠ | 3 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | Pilot weighted sampling applies weighted (unequal-probability) sampling within a small-scale preliminary study to estimate key design parameters — variance components, design effects, and optimal stratum weights — before committing resources to the full survey. By using differential inclusion probabilities in the pilot, researchers obtain more precise parameter estimates for rarer or more variable subgroups while keeping total pilot cost low. The results directly inform the weighting scheme and sample-size allocation for the main survey. | Adaptive weighted sampling is a probabilistic sampling procedure that assigns and iteratively updates inclusion weights for population units based on observed data collected during the sampling process itself. Unlike static weighted sampling — where weights are fixed before data collection from known auxiliary information — adaptive weighting revises probabilities as new information accumulates, concentrating sampling effort on units that contribute most to estimating the target quantity. It is used in survey methodology, simulation studies, and rare-event estimation. |
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