方法对比
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| 试点调查× | 面访调查× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Widely formalised from the 1970s-1980s | 1930s–1940s (systematic survey era) |
| 提出者≠ | Systematic practice codified by Jean M. Converse and Stanley Presser | Established practice formalised in survey methodology (Gallup, Likert, and others from the 1930s–1940s) |
| 类型≠ | Survey design and validation procedure | Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection |
| 开创性文献≠ | Converse, J. M., & Presser, S. (1986). Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803925557 | Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000 |
| 别名 | pre-tested survey, survey pre-testing, questionnaire pilot study, survey field test | personal interview survey, in-person survey, PAPI survey, door-to-door survey |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | A pilot-tested survey is a structured questionnaire that has been administered to a small, representative sample before the main data-collection phase. The purpose is to detect problems with wording, response options, skip logic, or timing, allowing the researcher to refine the instrument before it reaches the full sample. Pilot testing is not a separate research design; it is a quality-assurance step embedded within survey methodology that substantially reduces measurement error. | A face-to-face survey is a structured data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets respondents in person and administers a standardised questionnaire. The interviewer reads questions aloud, clarifies wording when permitted by protocol, and records answers — either on paper (PAPI) or a laptop/tablet (CAPI). This mode consistently achieves higher response rates and better data quality for complex or sensitive questionnaires than self-administered alternatives, and is the reference standard in large-scale population surveys. |
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