方法对比

	试点测试的深度访谈	深度访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (pilot testing of qualitative instruments formalized)	Mid-20th century (formalised in qualitative social research from the 1950s onward)
提出者	Rooted in interview methodology tradition; pilot testing practice systematized by Kvale and others	Rooted in sociological interviewing traditions; systematised by researchers including Steinar Kvale and Herbert J. Rubin
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422	Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803958203
别名	pretested in-depth interview, pilot in-depth interview, pilot-tested IDI, pilot interview protocol	IDI, semi-structured interview, unstructured interview, qualitative interview
相关	3	6
摘要	A pilot-tested in-depth interview is a qualitative data collection approach in which the interview guide is administered to a small number of participants before the main study, specifically to identify ambiguous questions, refine probes, estimate session duration, and verify that the protocol elicits rich, relevant narratives. The revised guide is then used in the full data collection phase, improving data quality and interview consistency.	The in-depth interview is a one-to-one qualitative data-collection method in which a researcher engages a participant in an extended, open-ended conversation to elicit rich, detailed accounts of experiences, perceptions, beliefs, or meanings. Unlike structured surveys, the interview guide serves as a flexible road map rather than a fixed script, allowing the researcher to probe unexpected directions as they emerge. The approach is foundational to qualitative inquiry and is used directly as a primary method or as the data-collection arm of phenomenology, grounded theory, narrative analysis, and other frameworks.