方法对比

	所罗门四组设计试点研究	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1949 (Solomon design); pilot usage documented in experimental methodology literature from 1960s onward	1948
提出者	Richard L. Solomon (base design); pilot application is a standard methodological practice	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Experimental design — pilot phase	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	Pilot S4GD, Solomon four-group pilot study, pilot four-group pretest-posttest control design, pilot SFGD	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	3	7
摘要	The Pilot Solomon Four-Group Design is a small-scale, preliminary implementation of the Solomon four-group experimental design. Its purpose is to test the feasibility and logistics of the full design before committing to a resource-intensive main study. The Solomon four-group design, introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, controls for pretest sensitisation by using four groups — two that receive a pretest and two that do not — crossed with treatment and control conditions. Piloting this design allows researchers to estimate effect sizes, detect procedural problems, and verify that the pretest does not unduly influence posttest scores.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).