方法对比

	多臂试验可行性测试	现场试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s	Mid-20th century (systematised 1960s–1990s)
提出者	Evolved from clinical trial methodology; consolidated in the 1990s–2000s	Rooted in Campbell & Stanley (1966) experimental design tradition; formalised in clinical and social research through the 20th century
类型	Experimental design (pilot/feasibility)	Experimental design
开创性文献	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., Robson, R., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: The what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Rand McNally. ISBN: 978-0395307878
别名	pilot multi-arm trial, feasibility multi-arm study, pilot parallel-arm experiment, preliminary multi-arm experiment	pilot field trial, small-scale field experiment, feasibility field experiment, exploratory field experiment
相关	6	3
摘要	A pilot multi-arm experiment is a small-scale preliminary trial that tests the feasibility, logistics, and parameter estimates needed to plan a full-scale multi-arm study. It simultaneously evaluates two or more active treatment arms alongside a control, providing early evidence on recruitment rates, retention, protocol adherence, variability, and likely effect sizes before committing to a resource-intensive definitive experiment.	A pilot field experiment is a small-scale, preliminary version of a planned full field experiment conducted in a naturalistic setting. It tests whether the intervention, randomisation procedure, measurement instruments, and logistical protocols are feasible before committing to a full-scale study. Results inform sample size calculations, refine treatment protocols, and identify procedural risks — saving resources and improving the quality of the definitive study.