方法对比

	多臂试验可行性测试	析因实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1926–1935
提出者	Evolved from clinical trial methodology; consolidated in the 1990s–2000s	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Experimental design (pilot/feasibility)	Quantitative experimental design
开创性文献	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., Robson, R., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: The what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
别名	pilot multi-arm trial, feasibility multi-arm study, pilot parallel-arm experiment, preliminary multi-arm experiment	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
相关	6	6
摘要	A pilot multi-arm experiment is a small-scale preliminary trial that tests the feasibility, logistics, and parameter estimates needed to plan a full-scale multi-arm study. It simultaneously evaluates two or more active treatment arms alongside a control, providing early evidence on recruitment rates, retention, protocol adherence, variability, and likely effect sizes before committing to a resource-intensive definitive experiment.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.