方法对比

	现场试验	现场实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (systematised 1960s–1990s)	1920s–1930s (agriculture); 1990s–2000s (social sciences)
提出者	Rooted in Campbell & Stanley (1966) experimental design tradition; formalised in clinical and social research through the 20th century	Formalized by R. A. Fisher (1935); systematized in social sciences by Harrison & List (2004)
类型	Experimental design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Rand McNally. ISBN: 978-0395307878	Harrison, G. W., & List, J. A. (2004). Field experiments. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(4), 1009–1055.
别名	pilot field trial, small-scale field experiment, feasibility field experiment, exploratory field experiment	field trial, natural field experiment, randomized field experiment, field RCT
相关	3	5
摘要	A pilot field experiment is a small-scale, preliminary version of a planned full field experiment conducted in a naturalistic setting. It tests whether the intervention, randomisation procedure, measurement instruments, and logistical protocols are feasible before committing to a full-scale study. Results inform sample size calculations, refine treatment protocols, and identify procedural risks — saving resources and improving the quality of the definitive study.	A field experiment applies the logic of a randomized controlled trial in a naturally occurring, real-world environment rather than an artificial laboratory. Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions while going about everyday activities, allowing researchers to estimate causal effects with high internal validity while preserving a level of ecological realism that laboratory settings cannot offer. The design is especially prominent in economics, public health, political science, and development research.