方法对比

	试点析因实验	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1930s (Fisher); pilot application conventions developed mid-20th century	1948
提出者	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); formalized in experimental statistics literature	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Preliminary experimental design	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119113478	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	preliminary factorial study, pilot factorial design, small-scale factorial trial, feasibility factorial experiment	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	2	7
摘要	A pilot factorial experiment is a small-scale, preliminary study that employs a factorial structure to simultaneously vary two or more factors across a limited number of experimental units. Its purpose is not to deliver definitive conclusions but to estimate effect sizes, within-group variance, and factor interactions, and to test logistical feasibility before committing resources to a full-scale factorial experiment. It is widely used in behavioral sciences, engineering, agriculture, and clinical research as an essential planning step.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).