方法对比

	试点对照组实验设计	前测-后测实验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century; widely formalized by 1980s–2000s	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
提出者	Established through clinical and behavioral research traditions; formalized by Bradford Hill and colleagues in mid-20th century trial methodology	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
类型	Experimental design (pilot/feasibility variant)	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
开创性文献	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., Robson, R., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10, 1.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
别名	pilot controlled experiment, pilot RCT feasibility study, small-scale controlled trial, pilot control group study	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
相关	4	5
摘要	A pilot control group experimental design is a small-scale, preliminary experiment that includes both a treatment group and a control group, conducted before the main study to test whether the full trial is feasible. It produces early effect-size estimates, identifies protocol problems, and confirms that random (or systematic) assignment to conditions is workable — all while generating a genuine comparison between treated and untreated participants.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.