方法对比

	试点对照组实验设计	试点随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century; widely formalized by 1980s–2000s	1990s–2000s (methodological formalization)
提出者	Established through clinical and behavioral research traditions; formalized by Bradford Hill and colleagues in mid-20th century trial methodology	Formalized through clinical trials methodology community
类型	Experimental design (pilot/feasibility variant)	Experimental feasibility design
开创性文献	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., Robson, R., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10, 1.	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., ... & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.
别名	pilot controlled experiment, pilot RCT feasibility study, small-scale controlled trial, pilot control group study	pilot RCT, feasibility RCT, pilot trial, preliminary RCT
相关	4	5
摘要	A pilot control group experimental design is a small-scale, preliminary experiment that includes both a treatment group and a control group, conducted before the main study to test whether the full trial is feasible. It produces early effect-size estimates, identifies protocol problems, and confirms that random (or systematic) assignment to conditions is workable — all while generating a genuine comparison between treated and untreated participants.	A pilot randomized controlled trial (pilot RCT) is a small-scale, fully randomized experiment conducted before a definitive RCT to test the feasibility of study procedures, estimate key parameters such as recruitment rates and effect-size variability, and identify practical barriers. It uses the same randomization, intervention, and measurement protocol as the planned full trial but on a fraction of the target sample. The goal is not to confirm efficacy but to refine and justify the main trial design.