方法对比

	ABAB设计（试点）	试点随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s (ABAB base); pilot application codified c. 2000s	1990s–2000s (methodological formalization)
提出者	Derived from ABAB reversal design (Sidman, 1960); pilot framing formalized in behavioral intervention feasibility literature (late 20th–early 21st century)	Formalized through clinical trials methodology community
类型	Single-subject experimental feasibility design	Experimental feasibility design
开创性文献	Byiers, B. J., Reichle, J., & Symons, F. J. (2012). Single-subject experimental design for evidence-based practice. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 21(4), 397–414.	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., ... & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.
别名	pilot reversal design, feasibility ABAB design, pilot withdrawal design, pilot single-subject reversal	pilot RCT, feasibility RCT, pilot trial, preliminary RCT
相关	6	5
摘要	A Pilot ABAB design is a small-scale feasibility trial of the ABAB reversal design, conducted with one or a few participants to test whether an intervention produces reliable behavior change under alternating baseline and treatment conditions before committing resources to a larger study. It combines the internal-validity logic of the ABAB reversal with the limited scope and preliminary aims of a pilot investigation.	A pilot randomized controlled trial (pilot RCT) is a small-scale, fully randomized experiment conducted before a definitive RCT to test the feasibility of study procedures, estimate key parameters such as recruitment rates and effect-size variability, and identify practical barriers. It uses the same randomization, intervention, and measurement protocol as the planned full trial but on a fraction of the target sample. The goal is not to confirm efficacy but to refine and justify the main trial design.