方法对比

	试点 AB 设计	试点随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s (AB design); pilot framing formalized in practice by 1980s–1990s	1990s–2000s (methodological formalization)
提出者	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley (AB logic); pilot application emergent from single-subject research practice	Formalized through clinical trials methodology community
类型	Single-subject pilot experimental design	Experimental feasibility design
开创性文献	Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 91-97.	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., ... & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.
别名	pilot AB phase design, preliminary AB design, exploratory AB single-case design, feasibility AB design	pilot RCT, feasibility RCT, pilot trial, preliminary RCT
相关	6	5
摘要	A pilot AB design applies the two-phase baseline-then-intervention structure of the AB single-subject design in an explicitly exploratory or feasibility mode — before committing to a more rigorous reversal or multiple-baseline study. The researcher collects repeated baseline (A) and intervention (B) data from one or a few individuals primarily to test measurement procedures, estimate effect size, verify data stability, and determine whether a stronger single-case design is warranted and feasible.	A pilot randomized controlled trial (pilot RCT) is a small-scale, fully randomized experiment conducted before a definitive RCT to test the feasibility of study procedures, estimate key parameters such as recruitment rates and effect-size variability, and identify practical barriers. It uses the same randomization, intervention, and measurement protocol as the planned full trial but on a fraction of the target sample. The goal is not to confirm efficacy but to refine and justify the main trial design.