方法对比

	Picture-Naming Task	Self-Paced Reading Task
领域	语言学	语言学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980	1982
提出者	Psycholinguists of word production (Joan Snodgrass; Willem Levelt)	Marcel Just, Patricia Carpenter, and Jacqueline Woolley
类型	Online measure of lexical access in speech production	Online measure of sentence-processing difficulty
开创性文献	Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(2), 174–215.	Just, M. A., Carpenter, P. A., & Woolley, J. D. (1982). Paradigms and processes in reading comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111(2), 228–238.
别名	Picture Naming, Confrontation Naming Task, Object Naming Task	Self-Paced Reading, Moving-Window Reading, SPR, Word-by-Word Reading Task
相关	3	3
摘要	In the picture-naming task, participants see a pictured object and say its name aloud as quickly and accurately as possible. The time from the picture appearing to the onset of speech — the naming latency — together with the accuracy and type of response, indexes the cognitive route from seeing an object to retrieving and articulating its word. Because that route runs through conceptual preparation, lexical selection, phonological encoding, and articulation, the task is a central tool for studying lexical access in speech production, for probing bilingual word retrieval, and for assessing word-finding ability in aphasia and other clinical conditions.	The self-paced reading task — Just, Carpenter, and Woolley's moving-window paradigm — measures sentence comprehension as it unfolds. Participants read a sentence one word (or phrase) at a time, pressing a button to reveal each segment and hide the previous one, and the software logs how long each segment stays on screen. Those per-region reading times index processing difficulty: when the parser stumbles — at a garden-path disambiguation, an unexpected word, or a long-distance dependency — reading slows, and the slowdown localizes the difficulty to a specific region of the sentence. It is one of the simplest and most widely used online measures in psycholinguistics.