方法对比

	Pearson积矩相关系数	简单线性回归
领域	统计学	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Regression model
起源年份	1895	1805
提出者	Karl Pearson	Adrien-Marie Legendre (least squares, 1805); Francis Galton (regression concept, 1886)
类型	Parametric correlation	Parametric bivariate regression
开创性文献	Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.	Legendre, A. M. (1805). Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes. Firmin Didot, Paris. [Appendix: Sur la méthode des moindres quarrés, pp. 72–80]
别名	pearson r, product-moment correlation, bivariate correlation, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi	SLR, ordinary least squares regression, OLS regression, bivariate regression
相关	4	7
摘要	The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) is a parametric measure of the direction and strength of the linear association between two continuous variables. Introduced by Karl Pearson in 1895, it remains the most widely used bivariate correlation statistic in the social, health, and natural sciences. The coefficient ranges from −1 (perfect negative linear relationship) to +1 (perfect positive), with 0 indicating no linear association.	Simple linear regression is the foundational parametric method for modelling a straight-line relationship between one continuous predictor and one continuous outcome, estimating the slope and intercept by ordinary least squares (OLS). The least squares principle was first published by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1805, and Francis Galton introduced the concept of regression to the mean in 1886, coining the term that names the entire family of methods.