方法对比

	Pearson积矩相关系数	偏相关
领域	统计学	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1895	1924
提出者	Karl Pearson	R. A. Fisher
类型	Parametric correlation	Parametric correlation with covariate control
开创性文献	Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.	Fisher, R.A. (1924). The Distribution of the Partial Correlation Coefficient. Metron, 3, 329–332.
别名	pearson r, product-moment correlation, bivariate correlation, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi	partial r, controlled correlation, Kısmi Korelasyon (Partial Correlation)
相关	4	2
摘要	The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) is a parametric measure of the direction and strength of the linear association between two continuous variables. Introduced by Karl Pearson in 1895, it remains the most widely used bivariate correlation statistic in the social, health, and natural sciences. The coefficient ranges from −1 (perfect negative linear relationship) to +1 (perfect positive), with 0 indicating no linear association.	Partial correlation measures the linear relationship between two continuous variables after removing the shared influence of one or more control variables. The technique was formalised by R. A. Fisher in 1924 and is the standard approach whenever a researcher suspects that a third variable inflates or suppresses the observed association between two variables of interest.