方法对比

	部分信用模型 (PCM / GPCM)	分级反应模型 (GRM)
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1982	1969
提出者	Geoff N. Masters (PCM, 1982); Eiji Muraki (GPCM, 1992)	Fumiko Samejima
类型	Item Response Theory / Polytomous IRT	Item response theory / polytomous IRT model
开创性文献	Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika, 47(2), 149–174.	Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, No. 17.
别名	Kısmi Kredi Modeli (PCM / GPCM), Generalized Partial Credit Model, GPCM, PCM	Samejima's GRM, Derecelendirilmiş Tepki Modeli (GRM), graded IRT model
相关	5	7
摘要	The Partial Credit Model is an extension of the Rasch measurement framework designed for ordered polytomous items — items whose responses fall into more than two ordered categories, such as partial-credit tasks in performance assessment or open-ended scoring rubrics. Proposed by Geoff Masters in 1982 and later generalised by Eiji Muraki in 1992, the model estimates a separate threshold (step) parameter for each adjacent-category transition within every item, allowing fine-grained calibration of how much each additional credit level contributes to locating a person on the latent trait.	The Graded Response Model is an item response theory model developed by Fumiko Samejima in 1969 for ordered polytomous items such as Likert-type scales. It estimates both the discriminating power of each item and a set of threshold parameters marking the boundaries between adjacent response categories, while simultaneously placing persons on a continuous latent trait scale.