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| 基于面板的观察性定量研究× | 双重差分法 (Diff-in-Diff)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 研究设计 | 计量经济学 |
| 方法族≠ | Process / pipeline | Regression model |
| 起源年份≠ | 1960s–1980s (formalized in econometrics); widely adopted in social sciences by 1990s | 1994 |
| 提出者≠ | Established through econometrics literature; foundational contributions by Cheng Hsiao, Zvi Griliches, and Marc Nerlove | Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment) |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative observational longitudinal design | Causal inference / panel regression |
| 开创性文献≠ | Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521522717 | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 |
| 别名≠ | panel observational study, longitudinal observational panel design, panel survey research, repeated-measures observational design | diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff) |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Panel-based observational quantitative research follows the same individuals, organizations, or units across two or more time points without experimentally manipulating any condition. By combining the within-unit depth of longitudinal tracking with the numerical precision of quantitative measurement, it enables researchers to study change over time, detect lagged effects, and control for stable unobserved characteristics — all while maintaining the ethical simplicity of pure observation. | Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes. |
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