方法对比

	Outcome Rating Scale	通用因素问卷
领域	心理治疗研究	心理治疗研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2003	1992
提出者	Scott D. Miller, Barry L. Duncan	Michael J. Lambert, Bruce E. Wampold
类型	Client-rated	Client-rated
开创性文献	Miller, S. D., Duncan, B. L., Brown, J., Sparks, J. A., & Claud, D. A. (2003). The Outcome Rating Scale: Preliminary validity studies of a brief, visual, general measure of session effectiveness. Journal of Brief Therapy, 5(2), 23–33.	Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357–361.
别名	ORS, ORS-4	CFQ, Therapeutic Factors Scale
相关	4	4
摘要	The Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) is a 4-item ultra-brief symptom and wellbeing measure designed to track subjective improvement across individual, interpersonal, social, and overall functioning dimensions. Developed by Miller and Duncan, the ORS uses visual analog scales to enable session-by-session outcome monitoring in clinical practice and research. It is paired with the Session Rating Scale (SRS) in measurement-based care protocols to simultaneously track what clients feel and how they are functioning.	The Common Factors Questionnaire (CFQ) is a structured client-report measure that quantifies the client's perception of therapeutic factors deemed common to effective psychotherapy across all modalities—including alliance, therapist empathy, client agency, goal clarity, and emotional expression. Based on Lambert's contextual model and Wampold's therapeutic relationship framework, the CFQ operationalizes the empirical finding that 70% or more of therapy outcome variance is attributable to common factors (relationship, expectancy, therapeutic environment) rather than specific technique. It is used in research to examine mechanisms of change and to compare common factors across therapy types.