方法对比

	有序Rasch模型（评分量表模型和部分得分模型）	验证性因子分析（CFA）
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1978–1982	1969
提出者	David Andrich (RSM, 1978); Geoff Masters (PCM, 1982)	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
类型	Item response model for ordered categories	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
开创性文献	Andrich, D. (1978). A rating formulation for ordered response categories. Psychometrika, 43(4), 561–573.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
别名	Rating Scale Model, Partial Credit Model, RSM, PCM	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
相关	6	4
摘要	The ordinal Rasch model extends the dichotomous Rasch framework to items with ordered response categories such as Likert-type scales. It places both persons and items on a shared interval-level metric, enabling principled measurement from ordinal data while checking whether items function consistently across all response thresholds.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.