方法对比

	序数优先级方法	最佳-最差法 (Best-Worst Method)	ELECTRE I	PROMETHEE II
领域	决策	决策	决策	决策
方法族	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM
起源年份	1977	2015	1968	1986
提出者	Ward Edwards and collaborators	Rezaei, J.	Roy, B.	Brans, J. P., Vincke, Ph., Mareschal, B.
类型	Ordinal ranking-based weight derivation	Pairwise comparison (best-to-others + others-to-worst vectors), LP	Concordance–discordance (crisp outranking)	Preference function (net flow)
开创性文献	Edwards, W. (1977). Use of multiattribute utility measurement for social decision making. In D. E. Bell, R. L. Keeney, & H. Raiffa (Eds.), Conflicting objectives in decisions (pp. 247-307). Wiley.	Rezaei, J. (2015). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method. Omega	Roy, B. (1968). Classement et choix en présence de points de vue multiples (la méthode ELECTRE). Revue Française d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle	Brans, J. P., Vincke, Ph., Mareschal, B. (1986). How to select and how to rank projects: The PROMETHEE method. European Journal of Operational Research
别名	OPA, Ordinal Priority	—	—	—
相关	4	8	8	8
摘要	The Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) is a family of methods that derive criteria weights directly from ordinal rankings rather than cardinal (numerical) preferences. Instead of asking decision-makers to assign exact weight values or ratio comparisons, OPA asks only: which criterion is most important, which is second, etc. The method then converts this ordinal ranking into numerical weights using geometric or statistical formulas.	BWM (Best-Worst Method) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Rezaei, J. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	ELECTRE (ELECTRE I — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B. in 1968. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	PROMETHEE (PROMETHEE II — Preference Ranking Organisation METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Brans, J. P., Vincke, Ph., Mareschal, B. in 1986. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.