方法对比

	序数优先级方法	层次分析法
领域	决策	决策
方法族	MCDM	MCDM
起源年份	1977	1980
提出者	Ward Edwards and collaborators	Saaty, T. L.
类型	Ordinal ranking-based weight derivation	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)
开创性文献	Edwards, W. (1977). Use of multiattribute utility measurement for social decision making. In D. E. Bell, R. L. Keeney, & H. Raiffa (Eds.), Conflicting objectives in decisions (pp. 247-307). Wiley.	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713
别名	OPA, Ordinal Priority	—
相关	4	8
摘要	The Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) is a family of methods that derive criteria weights directly from ordinal rankings rather than cardinal (numerical) preferences. Instead of asking decision-makers to assign exact weight values or ratio comparisons, OPA asks only: which criterion is most important, which is second, etc. The method then converts this ordinal ranking into numerical weights using geometric or statistical formulas.	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.