方法对比

	口述史	话语分析	叙事分析
领域	质性	质性研究	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1948 (modern disciplinary form); broader roots in 19th-century folklore and anthropology	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
提出者	Allan Nevins (Columbia University Oral History Project, 1948); earlier roots in folk-life and anthropological fieldwork	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
类型	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
开创性文献	Ritchie, D. A. (2003). Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195176957	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
别名	life history interview, oral testimony, spoken history, oral narrative research	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
相关	6	2	6
摘要	Oral history is a qualitative research method that collects, preserves, and interprets first-person spoken accounts of past events, experiences, and social processes. By recording in-depth interviews with individuals who witnessed or participated in historical events, oral historians document perspectives that written records often exclude. The method bridges historical scholarship and social science, treating the narrator's memory, subjectivity, and voice as primary evidence rather than as limitations to be corrected.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.