方法对比

	在线加权抽样	加权抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s	1940s–1952 (formalized in large-scale government survey work and the Horvitz-Thompson estimator)
提出者	Survey methodology practitioners; systematized via probability-based online panels (e.g., Knowledge Networks, founded late 1990s)	Morris H. Hansen, William N. Hurwitz; D. G. Horvitz and D. J. Thompson (theoretical framework)
类型	Probability-adjusted online sampling technique	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	web-based weighted sampling, internet survey weighting, online panel weighting, weighted internet sampling	probability proportional to size sampling, PPS sampling, unequal probability sampling, importance sampling
相关	4	6
摘要	Online weighted sampling is the practice of recruiting respondents via internet platforms and then applying statistical weights to correct for unequal selection probabilities, coverage gaps, and differential non-response. It enables researchers to draw valid population inferences from web surveys by compensating for the structural biases inherent in online recruitment — including the fact that not all members of a target population have equal internet access or equal likelihood of joining a panel.	Weighted sampling is a probability-based design in which units are selected with unequal probabilities proportional to a known auxiliary measure of size or importance. Sampling weights — the inverse of inclusion probabilities — are applied during analysis so that each sampled unit correctly represents the population units it stands for. The approach underpins large-scale government, health, and social surveys where simple random sampling would be inefficient.