方法对比

	在线半结构化访谈	在线调查
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s (systematic treatment by ~2010)	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
提出者	Adapted from face-to-face semi-structured interviewing; online variant emerged with internet adoption in research (Salmons, Mann, Stewart)	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
开创性文献	Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1452203867	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
别名	virtual semi-structured interview, remote semi-structured interview, online qualitative interview, video-mediated semi-structured interview	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
相关	5	6
摘要	An online semi-structured interview is a qualitative data collection technique in which a researcher conducts a guided but flexible conversation with a participant over a digital medium — video call, telephone, chat, or email — using a prepared interview guide with open-ended questions while remaining free to probe, reorder, or add follow-up questions as the dialogue unfolds. It combines the accessibility of remote communication with the depth and adaptability of semi-structured inquiry.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.