方法对比

	在线半结构化访谈	在线焦点小组
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s (systematic treatment by ~2010)	1946 (focus groups); online variant ~1990s–2000s
提出者	Adapted from face-to-face semi-structured interviewing; online variant emerged with internet adoption in research (Salmons, Mann, Stewart)	Robert Merton & Patricia Kendall (focus group origins); online adaptation by scholars including Stewart & Shamdasani in the 1990s
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative group data collection
开创性文献	Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1452203867	Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. N. (2017). Online Focus Groups. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 48–60.
别名	virtual semi-structured interview, remote semi-structured interview, online qualitative interview, video-mediated semi-structured interview	virtual focus group, internet focus group, OFG, web-based focus group
相关	5	5
摘要	An online semi-structured interview is a qualitative data collection technique in which a researcher conducts a guided but flexible conversation with a participant over a digital medium — video call, telephone, chat, or email — using a prepared interview guide with open-ended questions while remaining free to probe, reorder, or add follow-up questions as the dialogue unfolds. It combines the accessibility of remote communication with the depth and adaptability of semi-structured inquiry.	An online focus group is a moderated group discussion conducted via internet-based platforms — video conferencing, text chat, or asynchronous forums — to explore shared perceptions, attitudes, and experiences on a defined topic. It inherits the group-interaction dynamics of the traditional focus group while removing geographic barriers and enabling data collection from dispersed or hard-to-reach populations.